PON 2016 : Zat Ini Haram Digunakan Atlet di PON

PON 2016 menjadi pembuktian sportivitas.

Harianjogja.com, BANDUNG – Penggunaan metode dan zat terlarang untuk meningkatkan kinerja fisik dalam olahraga atau dikenal sebagai doping oleh atlet tentu saja dilarang. Bukan hanya akan berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan penggunanya, tetapi juga sebagai tindakan tercela dan tidak menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai sportivitas.

Terlebih, pada Pekan Olahraga Nasional (PON) yang menjadi barometer prestasi olahraga di tanah air. Dalam buku saku Anti Doping 2016 yang dibagikan kepada seluruh dokter kontingen PON XIX/2016 Jawa Barat.

Dikutip dari laman resmi PON, inilah zat-zat yang termasuk kategori doping berdasar pada prohibited list dari World Anti Doping Agency (WADA) 2016:

A. Zat Anabolik

1. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS)

a. AAS exogenous (yang tidak diproduksi secara alami oleh tubuh manusia) :

1-androstenediol, 1-androstenedione, Bolandiol, Bolasterone, Boldenone, Boldione, Calusterone, Clostebol (Alfa-Trafedermin, Fertodur, Neoclym, Rehibin, Megagrisevit, Streanabol, Test-Anabol, Trofodermin), Danazol (Azol, Cyclomen, Danocrine, Danokrin, Danatrol, Danazant, Danol, Ladarol, Mastodanatrol, Winobanin), Dehydrochlormethyltestoterone (Turinabol), Desoxymethyltestoterone, Drostanolone (Masterid, Masteril, Mastern, Permastril), Ethylestrenol, Fluoxymesterone (Afluteston, Adroid-F, Androstrerolo, Halotestin, Ora-Testryl U-gono, Ultradren), Formebolone (Esiciene), Furazabol, Gestrinone (Dimetriose, Nemestran, Tridornose), 4-hydroxytestoterone, Mestanolone, Mesterolone (Androviron, Mestoran, Mestoranum, Pluriviron, Proviron, Pro-Viron, Vistimon), Metenolone (Primbolan, Primbolan S), Methandriol, Methasterone, Methyldienolone, Methyl-1testoterone, Methylnortestoterone, Methyltestoterone (Android, Androsteron, Amdrotol, Bonaclimax, Eldec, Gynosteron, Methandren, Mixogen, Pasuma, Prowess, Testred, Testomet, Testovis, Tylosterone,Virilon, Zimba Forte), Metribolone, Mibolerone, Nandrolone (Adenocorin, Anaboline, Anabosan, Anticatabolin, Anador, Anadur, Decabolin, Deca-Durabolin, Deca-Noraone, Decolone, Dexatopic, Durabol, Durabolin, Dynabolon, Fortabolin, Hybolin, Methybol-Depot, Nerobili, Norstenol, Palactin, Retabolil, Sanabolicum, Sintabolin, Sterobolin, Strabolene, Turinabol, Ziremilon), 19-norandrostenedione, Norboletone, Norclostebol, Norethandrolone (Anaplex, Nilevar), Oxobolone, Oxandrolone (Anavar, Antiriol, Lonavar, Oxandrin, Vasorome), Oxymesterone, Oxymetholone (Androyd, Anadrol, Anapolon, Anasteron, Dynasten, Hemogenin, Nastenon, Oxitosoma, Plenastril, Synasteron, Zenalosyn), Prostanozol, Quinbolone, Stanozolol (Cetabon-Plus), Stenbolone, 1-testoterone, Tetrahydrogestrinone, Trenbolone.

b. AAS Endogenous (bisa diproduksi secara alami oleh tubuh manusia), jika digunakan secara exogenous:

Androstenediol, Androstenedione, Dihydrotestoterone (Andractim, Gelovit, Ophtovitol), Prasterone, Testoterone beserta metabolit dan isomernya (Agovirin, Andriol, Androfort, Androlin, Androtadryl, Anertan, Aerderon, Delatest, Dirandron, Enarmon, Femovirin, Homosteron, Hydrotest, Lyandron, Malogen, Omnadren, Primodian Depot, Restandrol, Sustanon 250, Triolandren, Testes Uvocal, Testoviron, Vimormon), Metabolit dan Isomer AAS (5?-androstane-3?,17 ?-diol; 5 ?-androstane-3 ?, 17?-diol; 5 ?-androstane-3?,17?-diol; 5?-androstane-3?,17?-diol; 5?-androstane-3?,17?-diol; androst-4-ene-3?,17?-diol; androst-4-ene-3?,17?-diol; androst-4-ene-3?,17?-diol; androst-5-ene-3?,17?-diol; androst-5-ene-3?,17?-diol; androst-5-ene-3?,17?-diol; 4-androstene-diol; 5-androstenedione; androsterone; epi-dihydrotestosterone; etiocholanolone; 7?-hydroxy-DHEA; 7?-hydroxy-DHEA; 7-keto-DHEA; 19-norandrosterone; 19-noretiocholanolone).

2. Zat Anabolik Lain

Clenbuterol (Broncodil, Clenasma, Clenbutol, Contrasmina, Contraspasmin, Monores, Prontovent, Spiropent, Ventolase), Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), Tibolone, Zeranol, Zilpaterol.

B. Substansi yang dilarang digunakan dalam kompetisi

B1. Stimulan

Semua stimulan dilarang, kecuali derivate imidazole untuk penggunaan topical dan stimulant lain yang termasuk dalam program monitoring tahun 2012*.

a. Non-specified Stimulant:

Adrafinil, Amfepramone ( Adiposan, Anorex, Apisate, Brendalit, Dietec, Dietil, Frakentine, Prefamone, Chronules, regenon, Tenuate, Tenuate Dopsan, Tenuate Retard, Tepanil), Amiphenazole (Deptazole, Deptazile0), Amphetamine (Adderall, Aktedine, Biphetamine, Amphedrine, Centramina, Dextamin, Dintospina, Epipropane, Obetrol, Ortenal, Profetamine, Psychoton), Amphetaminil, Benfluorex, Benzphetamine, Benzylpiperazine, Bromantan, Clobenzorex (Dinintel, Finedal), Cocaine, Cropropramide, Crotetamide, Fencamine, Fenetylline ( Captagon), Fenfluramine (Adipomin, Dima-Fen, Fentrate, Fenured, Ponderal, Ponderal Pacaps, Ponderax, Pondimin, Ponflural, Pesos), Fenproporex (Antiobese, Dicel, Falagan, Grasman, Tegisec), Fonturacetam, Furfenorex, Mefenorex (Incital, Pondinil, Rondimen0, Mephentermine (Emergrnt-Ez, Wyamine), Mesocarb, Methamphetamine(d-) (Desoxyn, Mediatric, Shabu-shabu), p-methylamphetamine, Methylenedioxyamphetamine, Modafinil, Norfenfluramine, Phendimetrazine (Adphen, Adipost, Anoran, Anorex, Antapentan, Bacarate, Bontril, Dital, Dyrexan-OD, Melfiat, Metra, Obalan, Obeval, Plegine, Phenazine, Prelu-2, Rexigen Forte, Statobex, Trimstat, Weh-less, Weightrol, X-trozine), Phentermine (Adipex, Adipo II, Andonex, Anorexine, Dapex, Duromina, Fastin, Lonakraft, Lonamin, Levum, Lynil, Liponill, Minicaps, Nimobese, Mirapront, Netto-langcaps, Oby-Trim, Ona-Mas, Panbesy Nyscaps, Parmine, Phentermyl Wyncaps, Phentrol, Phermin, Reducyl, Rolaphent, Tor, Umi-Pex, Wilpo, Wilpor Clear), Prenylamine, Prolintane (Catorid, Catovid, Promotil, Villescon).

b. Specified Stimulants

Benzfetamine, Chatine**, Cathinone dan analognya (misalnya mephedrone, methedrone), Dimethylamphetamine, Ephedrine*** (Aflucaps, Afra-Hustentropfen, Antucaps, Antussan, Antusin, Asficap, Asmadex, Asmano, Asmasolon, Asthma, Asthma ‘Berco’, Asthma Bisolvon, Asthma Frenon, Asma Soho, Asmavar, Asthmin, Asthmodem, Asthmolysin, Bromedin, Bronchicum, Bronchitin, Bugafan, Bufakris, Cephedrin, Chlorkol, Citobron, Citocetin, Coco, Codyl, Cold, Coldorgan, Coparcetin, Dicton, Drex, Efasma, Efsalin, Elero, Emfusin, Endrine, Endemol, Ephasma, Ephedrine HCL, Ephetonin, Equisil, Erladrine, Ersylan, E sepuluh, Excosin, Fagusal, Filcolsin, Flukol, Fomagrippin, Flu-enforte, Getbron, Grafasma, Grippocaps, Hufagrip, Hustagil, Hypotonin, Ifasma, Influenza super, Ipalat, Kafsir, Keldrin, Koffex/Koffex for Children, Kuronde, Laosa, Librofludrine, Lidocaton, Liquemin Depot, Makatusin Forte, Mandrogripp, Mediasma, Miktiplon, Mintusin, Mirfusot, Mixadin, Marasthman, Mucron, Nasaga, Nasalgon, Neocor, Neo Dilakris, Neo-Felsol, Neofon, Neo Franol, Neo Hufasma, NeoNapacin, Neo Suwashma, Neo Ultradine,Neuridal, New Ascaps, Nellco Spesial OBH, Niriton, Niteflu, Noscapax, Noordyl, Normotin, Noscapax, Noxenur, OBB, OBH fm, OBH plus, Omedrine, Optafrin, Optepect, Oskadaryl, Paracetine, Paratensa, Pectamed, Pectorin, Pepermin Cure, Perdiphen, Perspiran, Pertivral, Pertussin, Pharphin, Phenadex exp, Pimakolin, Pimtrakol, Poncolin, Priatan, Prinasma, Pro-Pecton, Pulmocordio, Respirogutt, Rexal, Rhinamid, Rhinosine, Rhino-Xylidrin, Sakasma, Salycydin, Scopedal, Sedakris, Sirthyco, Solamin, Solgen, Tecoryl, Theochodil, Thymcal, Thymipin, Thymitussin, Tiffanova, Tolusot, Tonaton, Tussamag, Tusselix, Tussipect, Vitenur), Epinephrine****(adrenalin), Etilamfetamine, Etamivan (Cactus, Card-Instenon, Cinnarplus, Clarivan, Corvanil, Efeka, Vallamida, Vandid, Vasperdil), Etilefrine (Amphodyn, Bioflutin-N, Cardiaalgine, Cicupon, Confidol, Dihydergot, Effortil, Ergolefrin, Ethylfron, Eti-Puren, Fetano, Hyurina, Influbene, Presoton, Pulsamin, Thormasin), Famprofazone, Fenbutrazate, Fencamfamin (Reactivan), Heptaminol (Altocor, Amidrina, Ampecylial, Arcor, Bascardial, Bayrotren, Brochovis, Canamyl, Cariamil, Cortensor, Eoden, Eptavigor, Funesil, Hep-A-Myl, Heptylon, Myoytril, Ortho-heptamin, Paretocard, veno-Hexanicit, Veno-Tebomin), Hydroxyamfetamine, Isometheptene, Levmetamfetamine, Meclofenoxate, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, Methylephedrine*** (Hustzol-F, Ilvico, New Stona, Pholcomed Expectoran, Tosamine plus, Tussoretardin), Methylhexaneamine (dimethylpentylamine), Methylphenidate (Centedrine, Methylefonidan, Ritalin, Rubifen), Nikethamide (Anacardone, Analeptin, Cardiamin, Coramin, Corazon, Cordalept, Corditon, Coral, Corvital, Cormed, Eucoran, Glucardiamid, Hypotonin, Juvacor, Kardinyl, Myocardina, Neo-Felsol, Nicamide, Nicorine, Percoral, Tonocard, Tonus, Vasazol, Vitamin-Schlanktrofen, Zellaforte), Norfenefrine, Octopamine, Oxilofrine, Pemoline (Cylert, Cephalo-Teknosal, deadyn, Dynalert, Lentogesic, Neurocordin, Prowess, Stimul, Tradon, Volital), Pentetrazol (Afpred, Angiasol, Cardaminol, Cardiasol, Cardiorapide, Centrazole, Corazol, Carasid, Corvasol, Deumacard, Leptazol, Metrazol, Pentrazol, Veiazol), Phenethylamine dan derivatnya, Phenmetrazine, Phenpromethamine, Propylhexedrine (Benzedrex, Eventin), Pseudoephedrine***** (Abstril, Actifed, Actifed DMP, Actifed Expectorant, Antigesic, Alerfed, Afrinol, Benadryl DMP Child, Besan, Clarinase, Colpica, Crofed, Dextuval, Dimacol, Drixonal, Eflin, Frist Sing, Galpseud, Halofed, Lapifed. Librofed, Linctifed, Nasafed, Nichofed, Nodrof, Noe-Synephrinol, Nostel, Novafed, Noza, Oranyl, Otrinol, Paratusin, Polaramine Expectorant, Profedrine, Quantidex, Rhinie, Rhinofed, Rhinos SR, Robidrine, Rondec, Sinufed, Sudafed, Sudafed Expectorant, Sudrin, Telfast plus, Tremenza, Temprafen, Trifed, Valved, Zerofed), Selegiline (Deprenil, Eldeprine, Eldepryl, Jumex, Jumexal, Movergan, Plurimen), Sibutramine, Strychnine (Calmicor, Cardioregis, Circyvit, Dysurgal, Morillen, Moro-Herzwein, Silberpillen, Spmofuga, Sulfa-Dysurgal, Tonol, Vetebran N), Tenamfetamine, Tuaminoheptane.

Keterangan:

Derivat Imidazole untuk penggunaan topical/untuk mata dan beberapa stimulant dimasukkan dalam program monitoring tahun 2015.

*Bupropion, Kafein, Nikotin, Phenylephrine, Phenylpropanolamine, Pipradol, Synephrine tidak termasuk doping. Zat-zat ini dimasukkan dalam program monitoring 2015.

** Cathine termasuk doping jika kadarnya dalam urine lebih besar dari 5 µg/ml.

***Ephedrine dan Methylephedrine termasuk doping jika kadarnya dalam urine lebih dari 10 µg/ml.

**** Penggunaan epinefrin (adrenalin) secara lokal (misal. nasal, mata) atau pemberian bersamaan dengan zat anestesi lokal tidak termasuk doping.

*****Pseudoephedrine termasuk doping jika kadarnya dalam urine lebih dari 150 µg/ml.

B2. Narkotika

Buprenorphine (Buprex, Bupenex, Finibron, Prefin, Temgesic), Dextromoramide (Jetrium, Narcolo, Palvium), Diamorphine (heroin): Diagesil, Putau, Fentanyl dan derivatnya, Hydromorphone, Methadone (Adolan, Althose, Amidon, Cloro Nona, Deprodol,Disket, Doloheptan, Dolophine, Eptadone, Heptadon, Heltanal, Heptanon, Ketalgin, Mephenon, Metasedin, Methadose, Physepton, Polamidon, Sedamidon, Sedo Rapide, Symoron, Tussol, Westadone), Morphine (Contalgen, Dosette, Duramorh PF, Duramorph, MST Continus, MST Mudipharma, Mundidol, Nepenthe, Nubain, Omnopone, Pantopon, Roxanol, Theba-Intran), Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Pentazocine, Pethidine (Algil, Alodan, Centralgin, Dolanquifa, Dolantin, Dolargan, Dolestine, Dolisina, Doloneurin, Dolosal, Dolsin, Dosette, Meperidine, Mefedine, Pethadol, Pethidol, Penthoid, Pro-Meperdan, Psyquil Comp, Suppolosal, Tubex Meperidine).

B3. Cannabinoids

1. Alami (Misal Cannabis, hashish, marijuana) atau synthetic delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).

2. Cannabimimetics (Misal “spice”, JWH-018, JWH-073) termasuk doping.

B4. Glucocorticoids

Semua glucocorticoids termasuk doping jika dikonsumsi secara oral, intravena, intramuskular atau melalui rectal.

C. Zat yang dilarang pada cabang olah raga tertentu

1. Alkohol

Alkohol (ethanol) termasuk doping hanya dalam kompetisi (in-competition) pada beberapa cabang olah raga berikut. Deteksi dilakukan dengan analisis melalui pernafasan dan atau darah. Nilai ambang doping setara dengan kadar alkohol darah yaitu 0.10 g/L.

- Air Sports (FAI)

- Panahan (WA)

- Automobile (FIA)

- Motorcycling (FIM)

- Powerboating (UIM)

2. Beta-blockers

Beta-blockers termasuk doping hanya pada kompetisi (in-competition) pada cabang olah raga berikut, dan juga dilarang di luar kompetisi (out-of-competition) jika diindikasikan.

- Panahan (WA), juga terlarang untuk out-of-competition

- Automobile (FIA)

- Bilyar (WCBS)

- Darts (WDF)

- Golf (IGF)

- Powerboating (UIM)

- Menembak (ISSF, IPC), juga terlarang pada out-of-competition

- Ski/Snowboarding (FIS) pada ski jumping gaya bebas aerials/halfpipe dan sowboard halfpipe/big air

- Olah raga bawah air (CMAS)

Beta-Blockers:

Acebutolol (Acenor, Acetanol, Alol, Carbutol, Diasectral, Nolson, Neptal, Pret 400, Sectral, Sectral 400, Sectrazide, Tredalat), Alprenolol (Antra, Alpresor, Apllobal, Aptin, Aptol, betacard, Eprel, Gubernal, Regletin), Atenolol (Beta-Adalat, Betablok, Blokium, Farnormin, Hiblok, Ibinolo, Internolol, Myocord, Nif-Ten, Normiten, Ormidol, Phenormin, Prinorm, Seles Beta, Tenoret 50, Tenoretic, Tenormin, Tensinorm, Tri-Normin, Vericordin, Zumablok), Betaxolol (Betoptic, Betoptima, Kerlon, Kerlone), Bisoprolol (Bisobloc, Concor, Ditensiel, Emconcor, Emcor, Euradal, Fondril, Isoten, Lodoz, Maintate, Monocor, Soprol, Zebeta), Bunolol, Carteolol (Mikelan), Carvedilol (Carvipress, Dilatrend, Dibloc, Dimitone, Eucardex, Kaedex, Querto), Celiprolol, Esmolol, Labetalol (Abetol, Alfabetal, Amipress, ipolab, Labetolol, Labitex, Labrocol, Liondox, Lolum, Normodyne, Presdate, Presolol), Levobunolol, Metipranolol, Metoprolol (Beprolo, Bloksan, Cardioesel, Inophyllin, Beta-Ophtiole Lopresol, Neobloc, Prelis, Seloken, Seloken Comp, Selozok), Nadolol (Corgard, Corzide 40/5, Farmagard), Oxprenolol (Captol, Cordesol, Coretal, Dialicor, Evinzorit, Flexor, Oxanol, Renindrex, Rixiprol, Secondafil, Trasicor, Trasitensin, Vrachor, Zetonium), Pindolol (Decreten), Propranolol (Alvocafryl, Bedranol, Berkolol, Betaprol, Betares, Betaryl, Beta-Neg, Beta-Tablinen, Beta-Tomelets, Biocard, Cardinaol, Ciplar, Deralin, Detensol, Dideral, Dociton, Efectolol, Elbrol, Euchon, Farmadral, Frekven, Frina, Inderal, Indobloc, Kodtalerg, Nedis, Neopranol, Noloten, Novopranol, Obsidan, Palisan, Panolol, Pebarol, Pranix, Pranolol, Prano Puren, Prestoral, Prolol, Pronovan, Probaloc, Propadex, Propalong, Propanur, Pur-Blocka, Pylaron, Reducor, Sagittol, Sawatal, Sloprolol, Wancoton, Ziserfin), Sotalol (Betades, Beta-Cardon, Jusotal, Lesotal, Sotacor, Sotalex, Sotapor), Timolol (Glaucopress, Isotic Adretot, Kentimol ED, Nyolol, Ximec Opticom).

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